Method of and apparatus for working paper stock



A ril '5 1927.

p A. J.- HAUG METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK Filed Auz. 18. 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 fluiaw (Z 1112a a a 3 n e v a I .A ril 5 1927.

, p A. .1. HAUG METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK Filed Aug, 18, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 a e i' fi w on leg, b

A r l 5, 1927.

. 7 1,623,676 A. J. HAUG METHOD OF AND APPARATUs FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK Filed Aim. 18, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Iva/denier:

Patented Apr. 5, 19 27 UNITED STATES 1,623,676 PATENT OFFICE.

, D Y ANTON J. HAUG, OF NASHUA, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

iun'rnon or-Am) arrana'rus non WORKING PAPER STOCK.

" Application fil ed August 18, 1924. Serial No. 732,842.

This invention relates to "methods of and apparatus for working paper stock and has 7 1 For illustrative purposes the invention is herein shown embodied in a machineof the general type illustrated in my former-Let? ters Patent Nos. 1.302,469 dated April 29,

' 1919, 1,443,410 dated January 30, 1923, and

1,518,922 dated December 9, 1924.

My invention will be best-understood by reference to thefollowing description when taken inwonnection with the'accompanying illustration showing one specific-embodiment thereof. .while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims. In the-drawings,' v Fig. .1 is an elevation, principally in longitudinal section, showing "a machine em bodyingone form-ofthe invention; 6

F igl 2 is a transverse sectional elevation on the line- 22 in Fig; '1; p v Fig. 3 is a similar section on the line 3,3 inFig. 1; Fig. 4 is a detail in plan tion of a scraper blade; and Fig. 5. is a side elevation showing the variable speed transmission and its relation to the refiner. 5 Referring to the drawings and to the embodiment of the invention therein illustrated, I have shown the same exemplified in a machine'of the type described in my aforesaid patents and application, the same having a 59 showing a por- 0 bodyor casing 7 provided with an internal cylindrical shellv 9 and carried b su1table supports 11 which rest on the plate 13. The casing is herein fixed, but the same might have a movement of rotation either 5 with or without bodily movenrent of the rolls hereinafter referred to. A housing 15 secured at one end of the casing contains within it an inlet chamber 17 which is surmounted by a hopper 19 through which stock 1 may be introduced, the latter in its passage to the casing being acted upon 'by'devices hereinafter described. 2

"During the operation of the machine the c stock travels from the inlet chamber through E the casing to a discharge chamber 21 secured to the opposite ends of the casing 7, there being provided at the bottom of the discharge chamber an outlet passage 23 through Whlch the worked over stock is discharged. In its travel through the casing the stock is subjected to a succession of reducing actions by some crushing agency and preferably by means of the heavy rolls 25. Any desired number of rolls may be provided, but herein the machine is equipped'with four.

The rolls extend lengthwise the cylinder and are adapted tobear against the stock distributed overthe inner face thereof, the rolls being carried around the inside of the cylinder by suitable supports outside of the same so that they are caused to move in a closed orbital path while acting to roll over and crush the stock.

To support and drive'the rolls the latter have ends of reduced diameter which extend 7 7 through the opposite end closures of the easmg and are supported in journal boxes 27 in which the] rolls are journaled preferably through means of roller bearings (not shown). Each journal box 27 is supportedl at one end of a short roll-carrying arm 29,- 4

the opposite end being pivoted on a sleeve or hub 31 fixed on the end of an arm 33 of a four arm spider 35 or roll-carrier which is keyed to the main drive shaft 37 The mainv drive shaft is supported in bearings 39; and

is driven by any suitable source of power -(not shown). Y

- The rolls are carried through their orbita path by the rotation of the two supporting an spiders 35 at opposite ends of the caslng driven by the. driving shaft 37. Itwillvbe observed, however, that each rollat each end' thereof is journaled in the end of. the arm 29 Y which is' itself pivoted on the rotary, rollcarrying spider, and in eccentric{relation to the shaft, so that the rotationof-the shaft and the carrier through centrifugal force acting on the heavy rolls, tends to swing the arm upwardly and move each roll toward the surface of the cylinder so that as the-shaft 37 is rotated, it carries with it the spiders 33 and the pivoted'arms 29in which the ends of the rolls. are journaled'. and "the latter are forced centrifugally out against the inner surface of the'shell while at the same'time they are carried bodily through aii'orbital path-within the shell. a T

a In a machine of this type it has been found desirable to impart by extraneous I described bodily movement through the position of which lengthwise the axes of Orbital path: It/is also often desirable toj'the cone pulleys may be shifted by means of have this rotary movement of the rolls take place at a speed corresponding to a rolling contact of the roll. on the surface of the stock. It may, however, be desirable at times to have provision for altering the speed of. rotation of the rolls to impart a slight slip thereto either backward or forward with reference to the stock over which the roll is traveling, or to avoid undue friction between the rolls and the shell when the rolls begin to wear.

The described method of supporting the rolls gives opportunity for imparting rotation thereto'either' at the speed corresponding to true rolling contact with the stock or at any desired rate of speed to get the required backward or forward slip by transmission gearingwhich is adapted, however, to maintain the same accurate intermeshing relation during any inward or outward movement of the rolls caused by centrifugal action. a

For this purpose each'roll beyond the outlet end of the machine has secured thereto a driven gear 43 which meshes with a. driving pinion t5, the latter fast onva short shaft 46 which is .journaled in the roll-carrying arm 29 and hub 31, the gears bein represented in Fig. 3 by their pitch lines on y'to avoid co'nfusion. As the rolls move toward or away from the inner wall of the casing the axis of the gear 43 moves in the arc ofa-zeir'cle about the axis of the gear 45,11 a center, so that the distance between centers remains the same and there is no alteration in the intermeshing relation of the two gears. To turn the gear 45' the shaft 46 has secured to the opposite ends thereof a driven gear 47 which meshes with a driving gear 49, the latter fixedl secured to a sleeve 51 mounted on the-driving, shaft 37 but freely rotatable thereon. The sleeve 51 is rotated in'one direction or the other, as the case may be, by any suitable means, as through the pulley 53, thereby impartin the required rotary movement through t e described gearing train to the rolls and giving the, latter the desired forward or backward slip, or true rolling contact, as the case may be, with reference to the stock being worked on.

To adjustably drive the pulley 53, and the described train of gearing, any suitable speed varying device may be employed, but

' herein (F ig.5) I have shown in conven- 5 from the lower pulley by a belt (not shown),

tional form a device similar to that disclosed in my application for patent Serial No. 661,418.

This comprises upper and lower reversely arrange cone pul eys 55- and 57 respectively, the lower pulley 57 being driven from the main drive shaft 37 through the pulley 59 and belt 61. The upper pulley 55-is driven a sliding frame (not shown) moved through anadjusting wheel 63. From the upper pulley power is transmitted to the ulley 53 and sleeve 51 by means of a crossed belt 65. By turning the hand wheel 63 the position of the belt with relation to the cones may be adjusted and the sleeve 51 may be rotated in either directionand at varying speeds. While I have herein shown and described for purposes of illustration "a conventional form of speed varying mechanism, other devices may be employed for this purpose as well as other forms of transmission gearing for rotating the rolls.

The described form of the invention being designed for continuous operation and for the progressive advance of the stock through the machine while being subjected to successive crushing actions, suitable feeding devices are employed. These herein comprise a series of devices which form in effect a mechanical screw conveyer acting to convey the material from one end of the machine to the other, thematerial bein advanced progressively between each crus ing action. In the illustrated example these "conveyer devices are in the form of inclined or helical vanes. 67 suitably placed to avoid interference with the rolls and herein carried by arms 69 projecting from hubs 71, there being four such vanes and arms for each hub, one between each adjacent pair of rolls. The conveyer as thus constituted extends lengthwise the drum and beyond the effective portions of the rolls so-that a number of vanes are located beneath the inlet 17 and thestock, as soon as delivered to the casing, becomes subject to the action of the conveyer.

Preferably the conveyer blades 69 are arranged with a gradually decreasing pitch from the inlet toward the outlet end, as. will .be clear from Fi 1, so that the rate of advance ofthe stoc through the machine diminishes toward the outlet. This provides for an increased number of crushings of the stock for a given length of travel as it nears the outlet end and compacts the stock more closely as the crushing operation rogresses. This not only secures a better gra e of stock and a more efiicient operation of the machine, but also prevents an undue wearing .of the. rolls'near the outlet end.

To prevent the stock from building up on the rolls I have provided. scraping devices for removing the material therefrom thesc being generally similar to those described in my afoi'esaid ending application. In the present form, iowever,'the scraping devices are in he form of bars 73 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) having a beveled edge provided at intervals with orked projections #75 forming an open ended slot, the bars being held in slotted lugs 77 formed on the conveyer blade-carrying arms 69 and carrying bolts. which pass through the slots in the bars. Each scraping bar isclamped in the lugs "77 so that its edge comes into contact or approximate contact with the surface of the adjoining roll 25.

' While the supporting lugs normally hold the scraping bars in fixed relation to the roll the clamping bolts may be loosened at any time and the bar moved toward the roll' to compensate for wear in the roll. 'It will be 7 observed that the supporting lugs are angled so that this adjustment takesplace toward the roll rind outwardly toward the inner surface of the cylinder, so that, as the roll wears,

the adjustment of the bar is outwardly as;

well as toward the roll and a minimum adjustment of the scraper bar for any given wear in the roll is therefore required.

In order that the apparatus operatecontinuously and uniformly, it is" desirable that there be provided a continuous and uniform feed of the stock. For this purpose thereare preferably provided devices adapted to .take the stock as fast as it comes to the machine and deliver it evenly and uniformly to the inlet. In the described form of apparatus I have provided for this purpose intermediatejhe hopper 19 and the inlet 17 rotarydevices which are providedwith teeth or surface projections, such devices having their axes parallel with the axes of the rolls.

and being herein provided one on either sideof the inlet andpreferably driven at dif ferent speeds, their action being such as is adapted to break up the masses or bunches of stock and deliver it evenly and uniformly to the machine inlet where it is taken by the conveying devices 67 and del ivered'to the trolls.

Herein for this purpose I have provided at one side of the hopper 19,'immediately below the same, a rota drum, 79 provided with several sets of r ter being provided by toothed annular members 83 mounted on the drum 79 with suit,- able intermediate spacingmembers to separate the annular members each from the other lengthwise the drum. Thedrum 79 with its teeth 81 is cooperatively arranged with rela-' tion to a, similar drum 85 and teeth 87 also arranged below the hopper 19 andon theoppositeside of the path which the stock takes m passing from the ho per to the inlet 17. The teeth 87, however, lation to and slightly overlap the opposite teeth 81 so that the material passing tothe inlet is subject to the joint. action of both sets of teeth.

To render the device more effective for breaking up or shredding the entering stock. the two drums 79 and 85, which are rotated inthe directionindicated by the arrows in Fig.- 2, are driven-at different speeds. For

ial teeth 81, thelat ear a staggered re shaft 89 havin the frame-providedjournal 91'and the pn ey 93 which latter is driven directly through the belt 95 from the pulley 97 on the main driving shaft 37. Similarly thedrum carrying the pulley 101 which is driven by the belt 103 from drivepulley 105. One of the belts, as the belt 103, is crossed so as to cause the toothed shredding wheels to rotate in opposite directions but both downwardly in the direction of the entering stock, and the pulley 101 is of difi'erent diameter from that of' the pulley-93 to'provide for a difference in spee Preferably there are provided some means for clearing the'stock from the shredding wheels, such, for example, as a set of fingers .107, secured to the casing (see Fig. 2) and projecting between the sets of teeth 81 so as to dislodge the stock adhering to the drum between the teeth and prevent it from being carried around with the drum. A similar set of fingers 109 is provided between the. teeth 87 on the drum 85. The shredding wheels are capable of being operated at a hi h rate of speed making it possible to feed stock of high consistency to the machine and providing a steady'and uniform feed therefor.

The two sets of teeth moving downwardly, one past the other, tend not only to feed the stock uniformly but to "separate and break up bunches or masses of the same.

The inlet end of the machine is closed by an end closure plate 111 which is keyed to the shaft 37 and rotates therewith, the

is. mounted on the shaft 99 same being provided with openings through which the reduced ends ofthe rolls pass with suflicient clearance to allow the required radial inward or. outward movements of the roll. The periphery of the end closure 111 has a grooved joint with a casing 15 toprevent the escape of stock over the edges thereof and is also preferably provided with a series of deflecting blades 113 (only one'of which is shown in Fig. 1) which, coopcr-' end closure, the latter serving to force the stock away from the face thereof and cause it to pass through the outlet 23.

While I have herein shown and described for purposes of illustration one specific embodiment of the invention and one particular ap lication thereof, it is to be understood that t 1e same may be applied to various other uses and herein may-be embodied in *or the like, the combination with a cylindrical container having a stock inlet and a stock outlet, of means for advancing the stock from the inlet to the outlet, a plurality of rolls extending longitudinally through the cylinder and adapted toengage the ma; terial on the inner surface thereof, a main driving shaft extending through the cylinder, roll carrying devicesfiat 0 posite ends of the cylinder comprising mem bers secured to the shaft and rotatable therewith, roll carrying arms in which said rolls are journaled pivoted on said members in eccentric relation to the shaft whereby rotati 11 thereof tends throu'gh swinging movem t of the arms to move the rolls automatically toward the inner surface of the cylinder, and means for positively turning the rolls comprising a driven gear in each roll, an intermediate driving gear concentric-with the axis of an arm, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the main driving shaft with means for driving the same, a driving gear carriedby the sleeve, a driven gear mounted on the arm and meshing with said sleeve-carrieddriving gear and connectedto turn the armcarried d'riving gear, and means for varying the rate of rotation of the. sleeve.

2. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, the combination with a cylindrical container, of one or more rolls adapted to engage the materialon the .inner surface thereof, and a rotary roll carrier with means for rotating the stime and carry the rolls through an orbital path withinthe cylinder, said roll being journaledin arms which are pivoted eccentrically with relation to the center of the carrierwhereby rotation of the carrier tends to move the rolls'outwardly toward the surface of the cylinder.

3. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, the combination wth a cylindrical container, of one or more rolls adapted to engage the material on the inner surface thereof, a rotary roll carrier with means for rotating the same and carry the rolls through an orbital path within the cylinder, said roll beingjournaled in arms which are pivoted eccentrically with relation to the center of the carrier whereby rotation of the carrier tends to move the rolls outwardly toward the surface of the cylinder, and means for driving the roll including a driven gear coaxial with the roll and a driving gear concentric with the axis of said arms;

4. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, a stock container, a cooperating roll adapted to-engage material Within the container, a driving shaft, aroll carrier 'secured to the shaft, an arm'pivoted on said carrier eccentrically with relation -to the shaft and providing a journal support for the roll, and means for driving the roll comprising a driven gear co-axial with the roll and a driving gear concentric with the pivotal axis of the arm.

6; In a'machine for working paper stock or the like, the combination with a stock containing casing, ofmeans for subjecting the material therein to a rolling action comprising a roll mounted to move through .an orbital path, and carrying devices for the roll to permit the latter to move outwardly under centrifugal force, the same comprising journal supports mounted to swing about a pivot, the latter located in eccentric relation to the axis of the orbital path.

7. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, the combination with a stock cylinder, of means for continuously feeding material therethrough, devices for'subjecting the material to a rolling action while pas ing through the cylinder and comprising a plurality of rolls mounted to move over the surface of the cylinder, and carrying devices for the rolls to permit the latter to move outwardly under centrifugal force, the same comprising journal supports mounted to swing about a pivot located in eccentric relation to the axis of the cylinder.

8. The combination with a stock containing cylinder, of a roll adapted to engage the material on the inner surface thereof, and carrying means for the roll to permit the latter to move out toward the said material and comprising a roll support mounted to swing about a point eccentric to the axis of the cylinder.

9. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, the combination with a cylinder casing, of one or more rolls extending lengthwise the casing, means for moving the rolls bodily around the casing in an orbital path, supporting means permitting the rolls to move toward and away from the casing, and gearing for positively driving each roll, said gearing maintaining the same interlneshing relation during the outward or inward movement of the roll.

10. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, the combination with a stock casing, of a roll, means for moving the latter bodily through, an orbital path,'supporting means permitting the roll to move outwardly Inn bital path, and driving means for positivelyturning the roll including a gear concentric with the roll and an intermeshing gear coaxialwith the pivot.

11. In a machine for workingpaper stock or the like, the combination with a stock casing, of a roll, a'swinging roll carrying arm the pivot of which is movable through an orbltal path, and driving gear ng including a gear co-axial with the roll and an-intel-meshing gear co-axial with the pivot.

12. In a machine for working paper stock or the like, the' combination with a stock cylinder, of an internal roll, a driving member co'-ax1al with the cylinder, a swinging roll turning member pivotally connected. tosaid driving member at a point'whichismoved thereby through an orbital path, and means for positively driving the'roll includ.- ing a gear co-axial with the roll, an, intermeshing gearco-axial, with the pivot of said swinging carrying member, and a gear coaxial with the driving member,

13. In a machine for workingpaper stock or the like, the combination with a stock cylinder, of an internal roll, a driving mem= ber co-axial with the cylinder, a swinging;

roll turning member pivotally connected to said driving member at a point which is moved thereby through an orbital path, and

' means for positively driving the roll including a gear co-axial with the roll, an intermeshing gear co axial with the pivot of said swinging carrying member, a gear co-axial with the driving member but movable independently thereof, and means 'for turning said last named gear ata' variable and con-7 trolled rate of speed.

blades being such 'as to provide fora di-' minished rate of advance toward the crushing action; v

15. In a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combination withv a casing having an outlet and an inlet, of means for subjecting the material to repeated crushings, and mechanical feeding the end of devices to'advance'the material in the casing in a direction from the inlet toward the outlet during intervals between successive crushings, the rate of advance being diminished toward the' outlet. f i

16. In a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combination with a casing presenting material receiving surfaces and having an inlet and an outlet, the

material being continuously fed to the inlet crating in said casing and adapted to roll.

the material on said surface, and conveying devices forming in effect a screw container of decreasing pitch toward the outlet,'the

same acting during the intervals between successive 'rollings to scrape the rolled material and feed it a predetermined amount and present itat'amore advanced the subsequent action of the rolls.

' 17. A machine for working paper 'stock or other material, comprising. a cylindrical shell having an inlet at one end and an. outlet-at the opposite. end, a rotary shaft carrying inclined blades for advancing the material from the .inlet toward the. outlet,

.and rolls movable through an orbital path and arranged in working proximity to the inner surface of said shellandadapted repeatedly to crush the material entering the inlet, the material being advanced by said blades between successive actions -tosaid rollsand the blades being arranged to give a [decreased advance of the material near the outlet end of the machine.

"18. The method of working paper stock which consists inmoving a rolling agency repeatedly over the stock, advancing the stock between successive rollings, and progressively-decreasingthe rate of advance.

'19. Themethod of working paper'stock or'other material which, consists in feeding the stock to a surface, subjecting it thereon to .repeated rolling "actions between which. the stock is advanced, and decreasing the I rate of advance toward the end of the rolling action. v

20. A machine for working paper stock or other'm'aterijal having a cylindricalcontainer, a driving shaft, rolls carried by the shaft, through an orbital path to' crush the material on the inner surface of the container, a closure for the container compris ing a head carried by the shaft through -which'he'ad parts of the rolls proj'ect, and

evices carried by the head for forcing the stockaway from the same.

21. 'A machine for working paper stock or other material having a cylindrical container, one or more rolls with means for.

moving the same through an orbital path to crush the material on the inner surface of the container, a closure for the container through which parts of the rollsproject,

point in.

ins

a stock inlet adjacent the closure, and devices carried by the closure for forcing the stock away from the same. 22. In a machine for reducing or refining paper stock, the combination with a casing having an inlet and an outlet, .of one or more rolls therein, an-end' closure for the casing through which the rolls pass with a substantial clearance, and devicescarried by the end closure .for forcing the stock away therefrom.

and withdrawn from the outlet, of rolls op- 23. In a machine for reducing or refining paper stock, the combination with a casing having an inletand an outlet, of one or more rolls therein adapted to travel through an orbital path through the casing, an end closure for the casing through which the rolls pass with a substantial clearance, said end closure being rotatable with'the movement of the rolls, and vanes carried by the end closure for forcing the stock away therefrom.

24. In a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combination with a casing, of a roll adapted to travel in an orbital path to crush material within the casing a device supported to move cooperatively with the roll to scrape material therefrom, and means for adjusting the device with relation to the roll.

25. In a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combination with a casing, of a roll adapted to travel in an orbital path to. crush material within the casing, conveyer blades adapted to convey material progressively through the casing, a scraper bar supported on the conveyer blades and arranged for removing material from the roll, and means for adjusting the scraper bar.

26. In a machine for working paper stock or other material, the combination with a casing, of a roll adapted to travel through an orbital path within the casing to crush material therein, a scraper bar held with relation to the roll for removing material therefrom, and means for adjusting the bar obliquely toward the roll and the inner surface of the casing.

27. The process of working paper stock or like material which consists in subjecting the material to a succession of crushing actions, subjecting it to a positive mechanical feed between successive actions, and progressively diminishing the rate of feed.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification. I

ANTON J. HAUG. 

